Software developers are the backbone of progress in a technology-driven world. From the apps we use daily to the complex systems that keep businesses running, they provide creative and technical solutions that solve real-world problems.
Whether you're drawn to innovation or have a passion for technology, software development opens up a career full of exciting opportunities. In this guide, we’ll explore the skills you need, the career paths you can follow, and how to get started.
What is software development?
Software development is the art and science of designing, creating, and maintaining the digital tools that power everything from everyday apps to robust operating systems. It’s about translating ideas into functional software that changes how we live, work, and interact with the world.
Whether you’re using a scripting language to build a dynamic web app or applying agile methods to adapt to changing project needs, every step in software development is driven by creativity and logic. The goal is to deliver software that solves problems and enhances functionality.
What is a software developer, and what do they do?
As a software developer, you’ll bring technology to life. You’ll tackle challenges from building sleek mobile apps to architecting enterprise systems, solving problems every step of the way. Your role goes beyond using a programming language – you’ll design solutions, work with project managers, and ensure everything runs securely and efficiently.
The role of a software developer in more detail
In your role, you’ll specialise in front-end development, focusing on what users see, or back-end development, which deals with the server-side logic. Some developers, known as full-stack developers, handle both areas. You’ll work with programming languages like Python, Java, and C++ to build software that delivers long-term business value.
To achieve this, you'll apply a mix of programming approaches, such as object-oriented programming and procedural programming. These methods ensure that the software functions as expected, meets user needs, and remains efficient enough to adapt and scale over time.
Your responsibilities as a software developer
Writing code: at the heart of the role, you’ll write the code that forms the backbone of the software. This involves using programming languages like Python, Java, or C++ to build functionalities and overcome technical challenges.
Testing and debugging: before any software is released, it goes through rigorous testing to identify and fix bugs. You’ll ensure that the software works under various conditions and delivers reliable, working software to users.
Collaborating with teams: software development is rarely a solo endeavour. You’ll collaborate with computer programmers, designers, project managers and clients to ensure the software aligns with project goals.
Involvement in the software development life cycle: as a developer, you’ll be an integral part of the software development life cycle (SDLC), contributing to the planning, development, testing, and deployment stages.
Maintaining and upgrading software: once the project is live, your job isn’t done. You’ll be responsible for maintaining the software, creating user documentation, upgrading it with new features, and ensuring it remains secure and scalable.
How to become a software developer
Becoming a software developer is dynamic and full of opportunities to work with new technologies and the most popular programming languages. While there’s no single route into the field, here are 4 of the most common ways to get started.
1. Study a software development degree
The most common route is through a degree in software development, computer science, or a related field. A degree provides a strong foundation in the top programming languages, software engineering principles and algorithms, and the problem-solving skills required to thrive professionally.
At LIBF, our flexible online degrees help you begin or advance your career. You could start with our Software Development with Foundation Year, which prepares you for a full BSc Software Development degree, where you'll dig deeper into scripting languages, web applications, artificial intelligence and agile software development.
2. Gain practical experience
Theoretical knowledge is crucial, but hands-on experience truly sets you apart. Internships, freelance projects, and part-time roles expose you to challenges like debugging and scripting, allowing you to refine your technical skills and build valuable industry connections.
Start contributing to open-source projects or engaging with developer communities like GitHub to collaborate on software solutions. Completing coding challenges on platforms like LeetCode or working on projects using a general-purpose language will sharpen your skills and keep you up-to-date with technology trends.
3. Earn certifications and continue learning
As companies adopt new tech, certifications in cloud computing (like AWS or Azure), data structures, and frameworks such as React or Angular can make you a stronger candidate. For back-end roles, consider certifications in database management or DevOps fundamentals, which are increasingly sought after in software development.
Learning doesn’t stop there. Practising coding on LeetCode or HackerRank keeps your skills sharp and problem-solving abilities agile. Regularly studying new languages, frameworks, and development tools is essential to stay competitive in a fast-evolving field. Online courses might also let you explore new areas like blockchain, big data, or mobile development, helping you grow your skills in the industry.
4. Build a portfolio
A strong portfolio is one of the best ways to showcase your skills to potential employers. Include a range of projects highlighting your expertise in programming languages like Python, Java, and JavaScript. Demonstrate your versatility by featuring work that involves different programming paradigms, including imperative programming languages, which are essential for writing step-by-step instructions in software systems.
Highlight projects where you’ve applied agile software development practices, solved complex problems, or debugged and tested applications. A well-rounded portfolio shows you can deliver high-quality software solutions that meet real-world demands and adapt to evolving technological needs.
Why software development is essential today
In today’s tech-driven world, software developers build the platforms that shape how we live, work, and connect. Software development powers everything we interact with, from mobile apps to complex business systems. As technologies like AI and machine learning evolve, software developers create innovations that define the future.
A global demand for software development skills
The demand for skilled software developers is growing rapidly, with businesses across every sector facing a talent shortage. According to McKinsey analysts, job growth is increasingly focused on high-skill roles in digital technologies like AI and automation, but many companies struggle to keep up. In fact, 93% of UK businesses report technology and IT as a skills gap holding them back (Forbes IT Skills Gap Report 2023).
This skills gap not only means exciting job opportunities but also points to high earning potential and career satisfaction. In fact, The Times ranks software developers as the top technology job today for earnings and job satisfaction.
Driving innovation in every industry
Every time your phone buzzes with a notification or you swipe through apps, a software developer is behind the scenes, turning ideas into essential tools. From morning alarms to office apps, developers build systems that keep everything running smoothly, ensuring every click, tap, and swipe works seamlessly.
As industries like finance, healthcare, and entertainment increasingly rely on AI, data analytics, and automation, software developers transform big ideas into practical, working software. Their innovations power the smart decisions, automation, and personalised experiences that shape how we live and work.
Understanding software development languages
The software development landscape has diverse programming languages, each suited to different tasks. Whether you’re choosing an object-oriented programming language like Python to address specific requirements or working collaboratively to build scalable solutions, understanding widely used languages like Python, Java, C, Javascript and SQL will help you excel in your career.
Programming languages in more detail
Python: Python is regarded as the most popular programming language for beginners because of its easy-to-read syntax. Thanks to its versatility and extensive libraries, it’s a powerhouse in web development, data analytics, AI, and machine learning.
Java: Java is a robust programming language for building mobile apps, especially Android, and scalable backend systems for enterprises. Its portability makes it a favourite for large organisations seeking reliable, cross-platform solutions.
C and C++: C, one of the oldest programming languages, is still relevant due to its speed and efficiency. It’s often used in system administration, embedded systems, and operating systems like Linux. C++ builds on C and is key in game development, AI, and high-performance software.
JavaScript: JavaScript is a scripting language that drives the interactive elements of websites and apps. It’s integral to front-end development, powering dynamic user interfaces, and is supported by frameworks like React and Angular.
SQL: Structured Query Language (SQL) is essential for managing databases and querying large datasets. It’s a must-have skill for developers working on data-driven applications, as it ensures efficient interaction with complex databases.
Introduction to C in software development
C is a foundational programming language widely used in systems programming and embedded software development. Its speed and efficiency make it the go-to choice for applications that require high performance, such as operating systems, networking software, and hardware-level programming.
What is Adaptive Software Engineering?
Adaptive Software Engineering (ASE) is a flexible methodology designed for projects where software requirements change frequently. Unlike traditional models like Waterfall, which follow a linear process, ASE allows for multiple iterations during development. This makes it ideal for modern design projects, where teams must respond quickly to evolving business needs and emerging technologies.
ASE is well-suited for development projects that require rapid change, such as mobile app development and business software. In these fast-moving scenarios, ASE’s flexibility allows teams to deliver long-term business value while staying responsive to user feedback and market trends.
Exploring other development methodologies
Agile development is one of the most widely used methodologies in software creation. It prioritises flexibility, collaboration, and customer satisfaction. Teams work in short sprint cycles, delivering functional software at the end of each sprint. Agile is popular in industries that require frequent updates, such as web development and mobile apps.
Several other agile methodologies help teams organise their projects and manage the software development process. Each has its differences, and the choice often depends on the specific project requirements and industry.
What is the software development life cycle?
Alongside agile methodologies, software developers follow a structured process called the software development lifecycle (SDLC) to reduce errors, meet user needs, and ensure software evolves over time.
SDLC consists of several key stages:
Planning and analysis: understanding the problem, gathering stakeholder requirements, and assessing the project's feasibility.
Design: creating a detailed blueprint for the software, including defining the architecture and user interfaces and selecting the best programming languages for the task.
Development: writing the code and building the software, often following principles from the Agile manifesto to ensure flexibility and rapid iteration.
Testing: Ensuring the software works as intended through rigorous testing, identifying and fixing bugs to deliver a reliable, working software product.
Deployment: Releasing the software to users, which includes setting up environments, configuring systems, and creating user documentation to support future users.
Maintenance: Providing ongoing updates, improving features, and performing data analysis to ensure the software remains functional, secure, and scalable.
Understanding the development cycle
Planning and analysis
Software developers collaborate with stakeholders in the planning phase to define project goals, gather requirements, and assess feasibility. A well-structured development process ensures that core problems are addressed and solutions are aligned with business objectives.
Design
The design phase involves creating a blueprint for the software, where developers decide on the system architecture and programming languages. This step ensures that all components, from user interfaces to back-end logic, are planned to meet users' needs.
Development
In this stage, software developers write the code that brings the design to life. Using tools like Python or Java, developers follow the agile movement to deliver functional pieces of the project iteratively while refining the software continuously.
Testing
Testing is crucial to the development cycle, ensuring the software functions properly across various conditions. By identifying and fixing bugs early, developers ensure the system is reliable and meets industry standards for quality and performance.
Deployment
Deployment involves releasing the software to users. Modern deployment often incorporates continuous delivery models, enabling software developers to provide updates and improvements on an ongoing basis while monitoring real-time performance.
Maintenance
Post-deployment, agile software development practices ensure the software evolves through updates, bug fixes, and enhancements. Maintenance is key to keeping systems secure, functional, and adaptable to changing user needs.
Spotlighting software development roles
Software developers are crucial across various industries, from developing mobile apps to shaping cloud computing. As industries digitise and rely more on technology, the need for skilled developers continues to grow.
Your knowledge of software systems, the programming paradigm, and the development cycle will allow you to transition smoothly into roles such as software architect, data engineer, or machine learning engineer. Let’s break down some key roles.
Full stack developer
Full-stack developers are among the most versatile professionals in tech. They work across both the front end (user-facing side) and back end (server-side logic) of software, making them capable of managing entire projects from start to finish. This makes them highly valuable, as they can develop fully functional systems, understanding how each layer of the application interacts with the others.
Typical responsibilities include designing user interfaces, managing databases, and ensuring data flows seamlessly between the front and back ends. Their ability to work on both sides of development makes them highly sought after in industries that require end-to-end solutions.
Software architect
A software architect designs the overarching structure of a software system, making high-level decisions about the frameworks, technologies, and tools that will be used. They ensure the system is scalable, secure, and capable of adapting to future needs. Architects are also responsible for guiding the development team, ensuring that all components align with the broader goals of the software.
Software architects often focus on optimising performance, enhancing security, and ensuring the software is resilient enough to handle future updates and growth. Their ability to think long-term makes them invaluable in large-scale projects.
Front-end developer
Front-end developers are responsible for the part of the software that users interact with directly. They create responsive, intuitive interfaces using languages like HTML, CSS, and JavaScript. Front-end developers focus on user experience (UX) and ensure that applications are visually appealing and function smoothly across different devices and platforms.
Their role is critical in industries where user satisfaction and ease of use are top priorities, such as e-commerce, mobile app development, and online services. Front-end developers are creative problem solvers who merge design with functionality to create seamless digital experiences.
Back-end developer
Back-end developers handle the server-side logic, ensuring that an application's behind-the-scenes functionality works correctly. They focus on databases, servers, and APIs, using programming languages like Python, Java, and Ruby to manage data flow and optimise performance. Back-end developers ensure that applications run efficiently, processing data securely and delivering it to the front end as needed.
In sectors like finance, healthcare, and logistics, where data security and system performance are crucial, back-end developers play an integral role in keeping systems stable and secure.
DevOps engineer
DevOps engineers link development and operations teams, focusing on automating and streamlining the software development and deployment processes. Their primary role is to create pipelines that allow teams to release code efficiently, ensuring continuous integration, continuous delivery (CI/CD), and real-time performance monitoring.
DevOps engineers use tools like Docker and Kubernetes to automate tasks, manage cloud infrastructure, and ensure that applications remain scalable and secure. Their expertise ensures that development teams can quickly respond to changing business needs while maintaining high-quality standards.
Data engineer
Data engineers specialise in designing and building the architecture needed for data processing. They develop and maintain systems that allow data to be collected, stored, and accessed efficiently, using big data technologies like Hadoop and Apache Spark.
Data engineers collaborate with data scientists and analysts to build the necessary infrastructure that supports effective data analysis. In fields like finance, retail, and education, data engineers are essential for managing the large amounts of data generated daily.
Game developer
Game developers create the immersive experiences behind video games, whether building mobile apps, console games, or virtual reality experiences. They design gameplay mechanics, character interactions, and physics simulations using programming languages like C++ and game engines like Unity or Unreal Engine.
Game developers need a strong blend of creativity and technical expertise to ensure that their games are engaging, visually stunning, and function seamlessly across platforms.
Machine learning engineer
Machine learning engineers are at the cutting edge of technology, developing systems that use algorithms and models to make data-driven decisions without human intervention. By leveraging tools like TensorFlow and PyTorch, they build systems capable of image recognition, natural language processing, and predictive analytics.
This role is especially prominent in fields like AI, robotics, and finance, where automation and data-driven decision-making are transforming industries. As an engineer, you'll create machine code, which is essential in developing smart technologies that shape the future.
Cloud solutions architect
Cloud solutions architects design, build, and manage cloud-based business infrastructure, enabling secure, scalable, and flexible solutions. Their job involves working with cloud providers like Amazon Web Services, Microsoft Azure, and Google Cloud Platform to create systems that support remote operations, data storage, and real-time analytics.
As more businesses transition to cloud-based models, cloud solutions architects are in high demand. Their ability to design systems that meet business needs while ensuring security and scalability makes them critical to modern IT infrastructure.
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Software developer salary insights
As highlighted by McKinsey & Company, high-skill tech roles like software development are seeing significant growth as businesses embrace digital transformation. With opportunities across various specialisations, here’s a look at some key roles with their salary potential*:
Game developer: £38,711
Write code for gameplay mechanics and visual elements, building engaging experiences for mobile or console games. Ensure smooth performance and captivating user experiences.Mobile app developer: £40,726
Design mobile applications for iOS and Android, ensuring smooth performance and intuitive user interfaces. Create apps that reach millions of users globally.Cloud engineer: £53,454
Develop cloud-based infrastructure that supports remote operations and data storage. Design scalable, secure systems for businesses using platforms like AWS and Azure.Full stack developer: £53,745
Work on both front-end and back-end development, handling the full stack of an application. Develop user interfaces, manage databases, and ensure overall system performance.Data engineer: £55,101
Design and maintain systems for processing large datasets. Build the architecture that enables data scientists and analysts to generate actionable insights.Back-end developer: £57,992
Develop and maintain server-side logic, focusing on databases and system efficiency. Ensure seamless data flow and functionality behind user-facing interfaces.DevOps engineer: £60,109
Create efficient pipelines for deploying code, automating processes, and ensuring continuous integration. Maintain software performance through real-time monitoring.Machine learning engineer: £68,926
Develop algorithms that enable systems to make data-based decisions. Work on applications such as recommendation systems, predictive analytics, and AI-driven solutions.Software architect: £71,947
Design complex software systems, ensuring scalability and security. Lead development teams in building robust frameworks that can evolve with future demands.AI machine learning engineer: £72,000
Lead the development of AI-driven systems, focusing on automation and advanced decision-making processes. Create solutions that impact industries like robotics and healthcare.
*Salary information from uk.indeed.com is correct as of November 2024.
Comparing roles in tech: software development vs other technologies
In the technology sector, roles often overlap, but it’s important to understand the nuances between various positions. Here, we’ll explore the differences between other tech disciplines.
Software developer vs software engineer
Software developer and software engineer are job titles that are often used interchangeably. A software developer will mainly be responsible for creating script and maintaining the code that powers applications, while a software engineer takes a more holistic view, overseeing the entire software development process. Engineers focus on systems design, software requirements, and scalability, ensuring the architecture can support growth and updates over time.
Software developers often work on smaller, more focused projects, such as developing a specific app feature or interface. In contrast, software engineers are involved in more complex tasks like system administration, infrastructure management, and high-level system architecture.
Web developer vs software developer
While both roles focus on creating digital solutions, a web developer works specifically on building websites and web-based applications, whereas a software developer may work on a broader range of projects, including operating systems, mobile apps, and even embedded systems.
Web developers use HTML, CSS, and JavaScript to create responsive, interactive user interfaces. In contrast, software developers can work across various platforms, using popular programming languages like Python, C, and Java to build more diverse software solutions.
Software engineer vs. full stack developer
Full-stack developers are proficient in front-end and back-end development, making them highly versatile in handling every part of the software development life cycle. They can manage everything from the user interface (front-end) to the server and database (back-end), often utilising scripting languages like JavaScript or Python.
On the other hand, a software engineer might focus more on the architectural aspects of a project, ensuring that the system’s infrastructure supports scalability, security, and performance. While full-stack developers build functional applications, taking on a role similar to computer programmers, engineers typically guide the development process, ensuring that systems are aligned with business goals and requirements.
Why study a software development degree?
There are many reasons to pursue a degree in the field, from career opportunities to the ability to shape the future of technology.
1. A booming industry
The demand for software developers is skyrocketing as businesses and industries worldwide embrace digital transformation. Developers are at the heart of everything from mobile apps to cloud solutions and AI-driven innovations. The skills you’ll acquire, ranging from programming languages to data analysis, will prepare you to enter diverse industries, from finance to gaming.
2. High earning potential
Careers in software development offer attractive salary prospects. Entry-level roles such as junior developers start competitively, while senior positions like software architects and cloud solutions architects can earn six-figure salaries. DevOps engineers, full-stack developers, and machine learning engineers command some of the highest salaries in tech (Future of Jobs Report, 2023).
3. Transferable skills and career mobility
The skills you gain as a software developer are valuable across various roles and industries. Whether it’s working on mobile applications, gaming software, or system administration, your skills will stay relevant. And as technology advances, you’ll continually upskill and stay ahead, giving you the flexibility to pivot as your career grows.
4. Continuous learning and innovation
One of the most exciting aspects of being a software developer is the constant opportunity for learning. Developers can continually upskill and stay ahead as new technologies emerge from AI to blockchain. The rise of agile methodologies and DevOps has also transformed how software is built and delivered, making the field dynamic and ever-evolving.
5. Global demand and flexibility
With remote work becoming more common, a career as a software developer is one of the most globally accessible. Developers are in high demand worldwide, and the flexibility to work remotely allows professionals to collaborate on projects from anywhere. This opens opportunities with both multinational companies and innovative startups.
6. Empowering creativity through technology
Software development is about bringing ideas to life. Whether you're building a new app, crafting an intuitive user interface, or designing systems that solve real-world problems, you'll be free to create and innovate. It's a career where your creativity and technical skills work hand in hand, and the results have a real impact.
Software development degree entry requirements
Specific course entry requirements will vary according to course level and degree provider. At LIBF, our entry requirements offer flexible entry criteria to ensure nothing is beyond your reach.
Typical entry requirements include:
Previous qualifications
You'll typically need A-levels or equivalent qualifications in maths, computer science, or related subjects.
At LIBF, you can build your skills with our online Foundation Year degrees, giving you a stepping stone into full-time degree studies.
Practical experience
Internships, personal projects, or freelance work demonstrate hands-on experience and show you can apply theory to real-world problems.
It can also highlight strong problem-solving skills, creativity, and a knack for analytical thinking – attributes vital in developing software systems.
Coding skills
Having some programming skills or prior knowledge of a popular language like Python, C++, or Java can also strengthen your application.
This will help you develop a high proficiency in working with algorithms, data structures and software engineering principles.
What topics does a software development degree cover?
A software development degree delves into a wide range of technical and theoretical topics, giving you the skills needed to thrive in industry, whether you work in extreme programming contexts to develop machine code or deliver working software to build a complete application.
Here's a selection of modules you can typically learn in your studies:
Core technical modules
Software management modules
Emerging technologies and ethics modules
What similar subjects are there to software development?
Several subjects are closely related to the field, offering you alternative paths into the tech industry.
Data science
Data science combines programming with data analysis to uncover insights from large datasets. If you're interested in building models and working with data to solve problems, data science could be the perfect path for you, especially as programming forms a key part of both fields.
Explore data scienceCyber security
As digital threats grow, the need for experts who can protect software and systems is critical. Cyber security focuses on safeguarding data, networks, and applications. This subject is a great option for you if you're passionate about secure coding and preventing cyber-attacks.
Explore cyber security
Computer science
Explore the science behind computing, covering areas like algorithms, computational theory, and how operating systems work. It’s ideal if you’re curious about the core principles driving software development.
Explore computer science
Artificial intelligence
AI and machine learning are transforming how industries operate. With AI, you’ll focus on creating smart systems that can solve problems and learn autonomously. It's a perfect route if you’re excited by the idea of designing intelligent software and applying AI in practical ways.
Explore artificial intelligenceLearn software development with LIBF
At LIBF, you can study 100% online, giving you the flexibility to balance learning with life. Our courses are built to work around your schedule, with personal support from expert tutors and access to career coaching to help you succeed in the tech industry.
On many of our tech degrees, you'll learn top programming languages, engineering principles, and computer architecture. You can also personalise your studies with elective modules to gain the skills needed to thrive in the digital sector of your choice, whether that's fintech, gaming, or beyond.
Computing and IT degrees
